文章列表模板
复制zdpdjango_basic，然后在templates中新建一个articles.html文件，用来展示文章列表：文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/62936.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>文章列表：</h1>
<ul>
{% for article in articles %}
<li>{{ article.title }}</li>
{% empty %}
<li>暂无数据</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
</body>
</html>
创建视图函数
在index/views.py中，创建一个articles_view的视图函数：文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/62936.html
from django.shortcuts import render
def article_view(request):
articles = [
{"id": i + 1, "title": f"文章标题{i + 1}"}
for i in range(10)
]
return render(request, "article.html", {"articles": articles})
修改路由
接着，修改index/urls.py，定义文章列表的路由：文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/62936.html
from django.urls import path
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
path("articles/2024/4/", views.article_view),
]
此时，浏览器访问：http://localhost:8000/articles/2024/4/文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/62936.html
使用正则路由分组
在实际的使用中，我们的年份和月份通常是根据实际的日期动态传递过来的，所以我们这里不能写死。文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/62936.html
改写index/urls.py如下：文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/62936.html
from django.urls import path, re_path
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
re_path("articles/(\d{4})/(\d{1,2})", views.article_view),
]
当捕获到数据以后，还需要在视图函数里面手动声明并接收。修改index/views.py如下：文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/62936.html
from django.shortcuts import render
def article_view(request, year, month):
articles = [
{"id": i + 1, "title": f"文章标题{i + 1}", "date": f"{year}-{month}"}
for i in range(10)
]
return render(request, "article.html", {"articles": articles})
相应的，模板也稍加修改，将date字段渲染出来：文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/62936.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>文章列表：</h1>
<ul>
{% for article in articles %}
<li>{{ article.title }} {{ article.date }}</li>
{% empty %}
<li>暂无数据</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
</body>
</html>
具名分组
有名分组时按照关键字传参的，普通的正则分组则是使用位置传参。文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/62936.html
我们可以将正则的分组取名。修改index/urls.py如下：文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/62936.html
from django.urls import path, re_path
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
re_path("articles/(?P<year>\d{4})/(?P<month>\d{1,2})", views.article_view),
]
路由转发器
当正则表达式越来越复杂的时候，urls.py里面就会有很多看上去很臃肿的代码。文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/62936.html
为了解决这个问题，Django给我们提供了路由转发器。文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/62936.html
from django.urls import path, re_path
from . import views
from django.urls import register_converter
class YearConverter(object):
"""年份的路由转发器"""
regex = r"\d{4}"
def to_python(self, value):
return int(value)
class MonthConverter(object):
"""月份的路由转发器"""
regex = r"\d{1,2}"
def to_python(self, value):
return int(value)
register_converter(YearConverter, "year")
register_converter(MonthConverter, "month")
urlpatterns = [
path("articles/<year:year>/<month:month>/", views.article_view),
]