环境
windows 10 64bits anaconda with python 3.7 requests 2.25.0
简介
requests是用来在Python中进行标准HTTP请求的第三方库。它将请求背后的复杂性抽象成一个漂亮，简单的API，以便你可以专注于与服务交互和在应用程序中使用数据。文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/51158.html
安装
使用pip进行安装文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/51158.html
pip install requests
http请求格式
requests的使用其实非常简单，针对不同的http方法，分别有不同的方法请求对应，如get、post、delete等文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/51158.html
import requests
# get请求
r = requests.get(url='url')
r = requests.post(url='url')
r = requests.put(url='url')
r = requests.delete(url='url')
r = requests.head(url='url')
r = requests.options(url='url')
示例代码
利用前面我们分享的flask restful教程，先写个后台程序文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/51158.html
from flask import Flask, jsonify, request
from flask_restful import Api, Resource, reqparse
USERS = [
{"name": "zhangsan"},
{"name": "lisi"},
{"name": "wangwu"},
{"name": "zhaoliu"}
]
class Users(Resource):
def get(self):
return jsonify(USERS)
def post(self):
args = reqparse.RequestParser() \
.add_argument('name', type=str, location='json', required=True, help="名字不能为空") \
.parse_args()
if args['name'] not in USERS:
USERS.append({"name": args['name']})
return jsonify(USERS)
def delete(self):
USERS = []
return jsonify(USERS)
class UserId(Resource):
def __init__(self):
self.parser = reqparse.RequestParser()
self.parser.add_argument('name', type=str)
self.parser.add_argument('age', type=int)
def get(self, userid):
datas = self.parser.parse_args()
return jsonify(
{"name": USERS[int(userid)].get('name'), "age": datas.get('age')}
)
def post(self, userid):
file = request.files['file']
file.save('flask_file.txt')
return jsonify({
'msg' : 'success'
})
app = Flask(__name__)
api = Api(app, default_mediatype="application/json")
api.add_resource(Users, '/users')
api.add_resource(UserId, '/user/<userid>')
app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=5000, use_reloader=True, debug=True)
完成后，启动flask服务文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/51158.html
文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/51158.html
get请求示例
先看个不带参的get请求文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/51158.html
import requests
r = requests.get('http://127.0.0.1:5000/users')
print(r.json())
print(r.status_code)
运行结果如下文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/51158.html
文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/51158.html
再看个带参数的get请求文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/51158.html
import requests
param = {"name":"lisi", "age":"18"}
r = requests.get('http://127.0.0.1:5000/user/1', params=param)
print(r.json())
print(r.status_code)
运行结果如下文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/51158.html
文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/51158.html
post请求示例
再来看看post请求，携带json数据文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/51158.html
import requests
import json
param = {"name" : "xgx"}
headers = {"Content-type": "application/json"}
r = requests.post('http://127.0.0.1:5000/users', data=json.dumps(param), headers=headers)
print(r.json())
print(r.status_code)
运行结果如下文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/51158.html
文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/51158.html
再来看看post请求时提交文件的示例文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/51158.html
import requests
files = {'file': open('test.txt', 'rb')}
r = requests.post('http://127.0.0.1:5000/user/1', files=files)
print(r.json())
print(r.status_code)
运行结果如下文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/51158.html
文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/51158.html
delete请求示例
最后看看delete请求示例文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/51158.html
import requests
r = requests.delete('http://127.0.0.1:5000/users')
print(r.json())
print(r.status_code)
运行结果如下文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/51158.html
文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/51158.html