Python 中,可以通过其内置库跟踪日期和时间。今天我们来介绍关于 Python 中的日期和时间,一起来了解如何使用time
和datetime
模块查找和修改日期和时间。文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/ymba/32704.html
Python 中处理日期和时间的模块
Python 提供了time
和datetime
模块,可以帮助我们轻松获取和修改日期和时间,下面让我们来逐一了解一下。文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/ymba/32704.html
time 模块
该模块包括使用时间执行各种操作所需的所有与时间相关的功能,它还允许我们访问多种用途所需的时钟类型。文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/ymba/32704.html
内置函数:文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/ymba/32704.html
请看下表,它描述了时间模块的一些重要内置功能。文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/ymba/32704.htmlfunction Description time() 返回自epoch以来经过的秒数 ctime() 以经过的秒数作为参数,返回当前日期和时间 sleep() 在给定的持续时间内停止线程的执行 time.struct_time Class 函数要么将此类作为参数,要么将其作为输出返回 localtime() 以自epoch以来经过的秒数作为参数,并以时间形式返回日期和时间。struct_time格式 gmtime() 与localtime()类似,返回时间。UTC格式的struct_time mktime() ocaltime()的倒数。获取包含9个参数的元组,并返回自epoch pas输出以来经过的秒数 asctime() 获取包含9个参数的元组,并返回表示相同参数的字符串 strftime() 获取包含9个参数的元组,并根据使用的格式代码返回表示相同参数的字符串 strptime() 分析字符串并及时返回。struct_time格式
代码格式化:文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/ymba/32704.html
在用示例解释每个函数之前,先看一下所有合法的格式化代码的方式:文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/ymba/32704.htmlCode Description Example %a Weekday (short version) Mon %A Weekday (full version) Monday %b Month (short version) Aug %B Month (full version) August %c Local date and time version Tue Aug 23 1:31:40 2019 %d Depicts the day of the month (01-31) 07 %f Microseconds 000000-999999 %H Hour (00-23) 15 %I Hour (00-11) 3 %j Day of the year 235 %m Month Number (01-12) 07 %M Minutes (00-59) 44 %p AM / PM AM %S Seconds (00-59) 23 %U Week number of the year starting from Sunday (00-53) 12 %w Weekday number of the week Monday (1) %W Week number of the year starting from Monday (00-53) 34 %x Local date 06/07/22 %X Local time 12:30:45 %y Year (short version) 22 %Y Year (full version) 2022 %z UTC offset +0100 %Z Timezone CST %% % Character %
struct_time 类具有以下属性:文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/ymba/32704.htmlAttribute Value tm_year 0000, .., 2019, …, 9999 tm_mon 1-12 tm_mday 1-31 tm_hour 0-23 tm_min 0-59 tm_sec 0-61 tm_wday 0-6 (Monday is 0) tm_yday 1-366 tm_isdst 0, 1, -1 (daylight savings time, -1 when unknown)
现在让我们看几个 time
模块的例子文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/ymba/32704.html
使用time
模块查找日期和时间
使用上表中描述的内置函数和格式化代码,可以在 Python 中轻松获取日期和时间。文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/ymba/32704.html
import time
#time
a=time.time() #total seconds since epoch
print("Seconds since epoch :",a,end='n----------n')
#ctime
print("Current date and time:")
print(time.ctime(a),end='n----------n')
#sleep
time.sleep(1) #execution will be delayed by one second
#localtime
print("Local time :")
print(time.localtime(a),end='n----------n')
#gmtime
print("Local time in UTC format :")
print(time.gmtime(a),end='n-----------n')
#mktime
b=(2019,8,6,10,40,34,1,218,0)
print("Current Time in seconds :")
print( time.mktime(b),end='n----------n')
#asctime
print("Current Time in local format :")
print( time.asctime(b),end='n----------n')
#strftime
c = time.localtime() # get struct_time
d = time.strftime("%m/%d/%Y, %H:%M:%S", c)
print("String representing date and time:")
print(d,end='n----------n')
#strptime
print("time.strptime parses string and returns it in struct_time format :n")
e = "06 AUGUST, 2019"
f = time.strptime(e, "%d %B, %Y")
print(f)
Output:文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/ymba/32704.html
Seconds since epoch : 1565070251.7134922
———-
Current date and time:
Tue Aug 6 11:14:11 2019
———-
Local time :
time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=8, tm_mday=6, tm_hour=11, tm_min=14, tm_sec=11, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=218, tm_isdst=0)
———-
Local time in UTC format :
time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=8, tm_mday=6, tm_hour=5, tm_min=44, tm_sec=11, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=218, tm_isdst=0)
———–
Current Time in seconds :
1565068234.0
———-
Current Time in local format :
Tue Aug 6 10:40:34 2019
———-
String representing date and time:
08/06/2019, 11:14:12
———-
time.strptime parses string and returns it in struct_time format :
time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=8, tm_mday=6, tm_hour=0, tm_min=0, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=218, tm_isdst=-1)
datetime 模块
与time
模块类似,datetime
模块包含处理日期和时间所必需的所有方法。文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/ymba/32704.html
内置功能:文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/ymba/32704.html
下表介绍了本模块中的一些重要功能:文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/ymba/32704.htmlfunction Description datetime() datetime 的构造函数 datetime.today() 返回当前本地日期和时间 datetime.now() 返回当前本地日期和时间 date() 以年、月、日为参数,创建相应的日期 time() 以小时、分钟、秒、微秒和tzinfo作为参数,并创建相应的日期 date.fromtimestamp() 转换秒数以返回相应的日期和时间 timedelta() 它是不同日期或时间之间的差异(持续时间)
使用 datetime
查找日期和时间
现在,让我们尝试实现这些函数,以使用datetime
模块在 Python 中查找日期和时间。文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/ymba/32704.html
import datetime
#datetime constructor
print("Datetime constructor:n")
print(datetime.datetime(2019,5,3,8,45,30,234),end='n----------n')
#today
print("The current date and time using today :n")
print(datetime.datetime.today(),end='n----------n')
#now
print("The current date and time using today :n")
print(datetime.datetime.now(),end='n----------n')
#date
print("Setting date :n")
print(datetime.date(2019,11,7),end='n----------n')
#time
print("Setting time :n")
print(datetime.time(6,30,23),end='n----------n')
#date.fromtimestamp
print("Converting seconds to date and time:n")
print(datetime.date.fromtimestamp(23456789),end='n----------n')
#timedelta
b1=datetime.timedelta(days=30, seconds=0, microseconds=0, milliseconds=0, minutes=0, hours=4, weeks=8)
b2=datetime.timedelta(days=3, seconds=0, microseconds=0, milliseconds=0, minutes=0, hours=4, weeks=8)
b3=b2-b1
print(type(b3))
print("The resultant duration = ",b3,end='n----------n')
#attributes
a=datetime.datetime.now() #1
print(a)
print("The year is :",a.year)
print("Hours :",a.hour)
Output:文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/ymba/32704.html
Datetime constructor:
2019-05-03 08:45:30.000234
———-
The current date and time using today :
2019-08-06 13:09:56.651691
———-
The current date and time using today :
2019-08-06 13:09:56.651691
———-
Setting date :
2019-11-07
———-
Setting time :
06:30:23
———-
Converting seconds to date and time:
1970-09-29
———-
<class ‘datetime.timedelta’>
The resultant duration = -27 days, 0:00:00
———-
2019-08-06 13:09:56.653694
The year is : 2019
Hours : 13
文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/ymba/32704.html