通过本实验，需要掌握以下技能：文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/wangluo/10531.html
1) 路由表的概念
2) IP route 命令的使用
3) 根据需求正确配置静态路由
4) 根据需求使用默认路由文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/wangluo/10531.html
拓扑结构文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/wangluo/10531.html
文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/wangluo/10531.html
实现, 2.2.2.0/24, /24网络之间能互相通信文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/wangluo/10531.html
实验步骤
n 步骤1：在各路由器上配置IP 地址、保证直连链路的连通性
R2(config)#int loopback0
R2(config-if)#ip address 2.2.2.2
R2(config)#int s1/0
R2(config-if)#ip address 12.1.1.2
R2(config-if)#no shutdown文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/wangluo/10531.html
R1(config)#int loopback0
R1(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.1
R1(config)#int s1/0
R1(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R1(config-if)#ip address
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config)#int s1/1
R1(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R1(config-if)#ip address 13.1.1.1
R1(config-if)#no shutdown文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/wangluo/10531.html
R3(config)#int loopback0
R3(config-if)#ip address
R3(config)#int s1/1
R3(config-if)#ip address 13.1.1.3
R3(config-if)#no shutdown文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/wangluo/10531.html
n 步骤2：R2 上配置静态路由
R2(config)#ip route 1.1.1.0 s1/0
// 下一跳为接口形式，s1/0是点到点的链路，注意应该是R2上的s1/0
R2(config)#ip route
// 下一跳为IP地址形式，是R1上的IP地址
n 步骤3：R1 上配置静态路由
R1(config)#ip route 2.2.2.0 s1/0
R1(config)#ip route s1/1文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/wangluo/10531.html
n 步骤4：R3 上配置静态路由
R3(config)#ip route 1.1.1.0 s1/1
R3(config)#ip route 2.2.2.0 s1/1文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/wangluo/10531.html
实验调试
n 在R2,R1,R3上查看路由表
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/wangluo/10531.html
Gateway of last resort is not set文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/wangluo/10531.html
1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
S 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0
2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 2.2.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
S [1/0] via
12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C is directly connected, Serial1/0文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/wangluo/10531.html
R1#show ip route文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/wangluo/10531.html
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/wangluo/10531.html
Gateway of last resort is not set文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/wangluo/10531.html
1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
S 2.2.2.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0
3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
S is directly connected, Serial1/1
12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C is directly connected, Serial1/0
13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 13.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/wangluo/10531.html
R3#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/wangluo/10531.html
Gateway of last resort is not set文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/wangluo/10531.html
1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
S 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1
2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
S 2.2.2.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1
3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C is directly connected, Loopback0
13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 13.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/wangluo/10531.html
n 在各路由器上ping其它路由器的环回口
R2#ping 1.1.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 1.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/20/60 ms
R2#ping
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to , timeout is 2 seconds:
.....
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)
R2#ping source 2.2.2.2文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/wangluo/10531.html
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to , timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 2.2.2.2
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 12/44/92 ms文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/wangluo/10531.html
【实验结论】
1) 各路由器上ping loopback地址所在的直连网段都能通
2) R1上ping 2.2.2.2和都能通
3) R2上ping 和R3上ping 2.2.2.2是不通的，但R2上ping source 2.2.2.2和R3上ping 2.2.2.2 source 能通
【提示】
用ping测试不设置源IP地址，默认以接口地址为源地址，查看R3的路由表，没有到目标网段的路由条目，故R3无法响应R2的报文
【解决方法】
R3(config)#ip route s1/1
R3(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s1/1文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/wangluo/10531.html