Go语言使用SQL Server的完整指南

2023-06-3008:08:43后端程序开发Comments1,209 views字数 3480阅读模式

企业级应用程序应用的广泛使用，SQL Server也成为了企业级应用程序中使用最广泛的数据库之一。而且，随着Go语言的流行，越来越多的开发人员希望在Go语言中使用SQL Server。在本文中，我们将介绍如何在Go语言中使用SQL Server，涉及到连接、查询、读取和写入数据等方面的完整指南。文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

连接到SQL Server数据库文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

要连接到SQL Server数据库，我们需要使用到 Microsoft提供的SQL Server驱动程序（即mssql）。这个驱动程序非常容易使用，因此让我们进行安装。文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

安装SQL Server驱动程序文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

要安装mssql驱动程序，我们需要在终端中运行以下命令：文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

1文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

go get github.com/denisenkom/go-mssqldb文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

这个命令将下载并安装mssql驱动程序。文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

连接到数据库文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

一旦驱动程序安装完成，我们就可以连接到SQL Server数据库了。连接需要我们提供数据库的服务器地址、数据库名称、用户名和密码。下面是一个连接的基本示例：文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

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package main文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

import (文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    "database/sql"文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    "fmt"文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    _ "github.com/denisenkom/go-mssqldb"文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

)文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

func main() {文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    server := "localhost\SQLEXPRESS"文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    port := 1433文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    user := "sa"文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    password := "password123"文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    database := "MyDatabase"文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    connString := fmt.Sprintf("server=%s;user id=%s;password=%s;port=%d;database=%s;",文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

        server, user, password, port, database)文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    db, err := sql.Open("mssql", connString)文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    if err != nil {文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

        panic(err)文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    }文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    defer db.Close()文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    // Connection successful. We can now start working with the database.文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    fmt.Println("Connection successful.")文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

}文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

在这个示例中，我们指定了数据库的服务器地址为“localhostSQLEXPRESS”，端口为1433，用户名为sa，密码为password123，数据名称为MyDatabase。连接字符串被格式化为“My example connection string” format。我们使用该字符串打开连接，并在连接成功之后提供了一个简单的消息作为确认。文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

查询数据文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

一旦连接成功，我们就可以开始使用SQL命令从数据库中查询数据了。我们可以使用 db.Query() 来执行查询语句，并使用 rows.Scan() 来扫描查询结果中的每行数据。下面是一个基本的查询示例：文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

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func main() {文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    server := "localhost\SQLEXPRESS"文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    port := 1433文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    user := "sa"文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    password := "password123"文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    database := "MyDatabase"文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    connString := fmt.Sprintf("server=%s;user id=%s;password=%s;port=%d;database=%s;",文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

        server, user, password, port, database)文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    db, err := sql.Open("mssql", connString)文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    if err != nil {文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

        panic(err)文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    }文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    defer db.Close()文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    // Query the database.文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    query := "SELECT Name, Email FROM Customers WHERE Country = 'USA'"文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    rows, err := db.Query(query)文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    if err != nil {文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

        panic(err)文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    }文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    defer rows.Close()文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    // Scan the results.文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    for rows.Next() {文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

        var name string文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

        var email string文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

        err = rows.Scan(&name, &email)文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

        if err != nil {文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

            panic(err)文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

        }文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

        fmt.Println(name, email)文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    }文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

}文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

在这个示例中，我们查询了名为“Customers ”的表，该表位于MyDatabase数据库中。我们只选择了名为“Name”和“Email”的列，其中“Country”列为“USA”的行。文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

当我们执行查询时，结果将会被存储在 query 变量中。然后，我们使用 db.Query() 执行查询。它返回一个结果集，我们使用 rows.Scan() 扫描该结果集。最后，我们循环遍历返回的结果，打印每一行的数据。文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

写入数据文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

在使用Go语言中的SQL Server时，写入新数据与读取数据非常相似。要写入数据，我们只需使用 db.Exec() 执行 INSERT、UPDATE 或 DELETE 语句。下面是一个基本的写入示例：文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

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func main() {文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    server := "localhost\SQLEXPRESS"文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    port := 1433文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    user := "sa"文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    password := "password123"文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    database := "MyDatabase"文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    connString := fmt.Sprintf("server=%s;user id=%s;password=%s;port=%d;database=%s;",文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

        server, user, password, port, database)文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    db, err := sql.Open("mssql", connString)文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    if err != nil {文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

        panic(err)文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    }文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    defer db.Close()文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    // Insert a new row.文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    statement := "INSERT INTO Customers (Name, Email, Country) VALUES (?, ?, ?)"文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    result, err := db.Exec(statement, "John Doe", "johndoe@example.com", "USA")文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    if err != nil {文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

        panic(err)文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    }文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    rowsAffected, err := result.RowsAffected()文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    if err != nil {文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

        panic(err)文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    }文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    // Write successful. Display the number of rows affected.文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

    fmt.Printf("%d rows affected.文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

", rowsAffected)文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

}文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

在这个示例中，我们执行了一个INSERT语句向名为“Customers”的表中插入一行数据。我们指定了“John Doe”的名称，“johndoe@example.com”的电子邮件地址，还有“USA”的国家。我们使用 db.Exec() 来写入数据，并使用 fmt.Printf() 打印结果。文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

总结文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

在这篇文章中，我们介绍了如何在Go语言中使用SQL Server。我们了解了如何连接到数据库，执行查询和写入数据。我们也看到，Go语言使用SQL Server的过程非常简单，因此，SQL Server成为了企业级应用程序的首选数据存储解决方案之一。如果你是一名Go语言开发人员，并且你想在你的下一个项目中使用SQL Server，本文将为你提供非常有用的指南。文章源自菜鸟学院-https://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/48825.html

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